Trapping Jesus-Taxes

Mark 12:13-17.  This sermon was preached by Pastor Marty Bonner on August 09, 2020.

Today, we are going to wrestle with the issue of paying taxes.  Of course, nobody enjoys paying taxes.  This was one of the central issues in the founding of the United States of America.  It was considered unfair to have taxation without true representation. 

The issue in our passage today is not really about paying taxes per se, but rather, about the legality of paying taxes to a foreign country that has taken over your country.  Thankfully, we have never been in that situation and we have not had to wrestle with the emotions and decisions that go along with it.  However, many people throughout history have had to wrestle with this issue. 

In those cases, people quickly fall into several categories.  You have the pragmatic compromisers who quickly recognize that they can’t change it, so they might as well make the best of the new situation.  Sometimes such are called collaborators.  On the other extreme, there is the idealistic rebel who shouts out death to tyrants and would rather die than yield in anything, much less taxes.  The majority of people fall somewhere in between the vice.  They don’t like it, but cannot see a way out.  They will do the very least that they must do in order not to be drug off to jail or execution. 

This is the situation of the people of Israel in the days of Jesus, and in fact, it had been for some time.  Whether the Babylonians, Persians, Greeks, or Romans, Israel had been in a similar situation for the better part of 500 years.  When would the Messiah show up to set them free from this horrible and humiliating situation?

Let’s look at our passage.

Is it lawful to pay taxes to Caesar or not?

The question put to Jesus in this section was a controversial issue among the people of Israel.  It was even more so for the people of Samaria and Judea (Jerusalem) because their taxes were going directly into the Roman treasury.  Whereas, Galilee paid taxes to Herod Antipas, who was from Israel, and those taxes by and large were used in the area.

Mark makes a note of the ones who deliver this question to Jesus.  We are told that “they sent to him some of the Pharisees and Herodians.”  The “they” here are clearly the elders and chief priests of Jerusalem.  The group they send is a mixed group that does not get along typically.  Herodians were a political group who supported the legitimacy of the Herodian dynasty.  Whereas, the Pharisees were loyal to the Law of Moses and saw Herod and his offspring as illegitimate rulers (they were not from the line of David).  This signals the reality that they are trying to trap Jesus with his answer.  If he says “no” then the Herodians would stir up the Roman Governor Pilate against Jesus.  If he says “yes” then the Pharisees could use it to stir up the common people against Jesus.  It seems to be a no-win situation.

We should note the fair sounding compliments that they give to Jesus.  They say that he is true, does not regard any person, and teaches the way of God in truth.  These are all very good things that any teacher or leader should aspire to be.  However, they do not believe this to be true of Jesus.  Rather, they know that it is the expected description of a true teacher.  This is bald-faced flattery and is part of the trap that they are setting.  Will Jesus look like he is worried about what the people of Israel will say, or is he worried about what the Romans will say?  It is important to note that we can pay someone a compliment without it being flattery.  It is only flattery if you do not really believe it, or are using it to lull the person into a false sense of security so that they don’t see the knife in your other hand.

This question of paying taxes to Caesar is first a question of legality.  For Israel, this is talking about the Law of Moses.  Are we breaking the Law of Moses when we pay Caesar taxes?  In our terminology, we would ask, “Is this constitutional?”  Am I breaking God’s laws by paying this tax and only making Him more upset with me, and by extension the whole nation?  Thus, this is an important question for the average Israelite.

It is secondly a question of practicality.  We are not in the optimal conditions that God has envisioned for us.  So, how does he expect us to proceed under the current conditions?

We are told that Jesus knows they are asking this question hypocritically.  In Matthew 22:18 (a parallel passage), it refers to their “wickedness,” and in Luke 20:23, it refers to their “craftiness.”  These three descriptors give us quite a picture of these conflicts that Jesus faced: hypocrites and crafty in wickedness.  They are not actually seeking the true answer to the question, but rather, ammunition to use against him.  Of course, Jesus let’s them know that he is on to their game by asking them why they are testing him.  They are seeking to make him look wrong in the eyes of Rome, or in the eyes of the people.

The answer of Jesus

At this point, Jesus asks them to bring a denarius to him, which was a silver Roman coin that represented a day’s wage for a common laborer.  It also happened to be the coin that one would use to pay the annual poll tax, or head tax.  When the coin is brought, Jesus asks whose image is on it and what is its inscription.  The common day to day commerce of Israel was dominated by the Romans.  It was Roman currency that was used and it had Caesar’s image on it.  The inscription on the denarius is known from existing coins.  “Tiberius Caesar, the divine son of Augustus, Pontifex Maximus.”  Of course, it is in Latin and employs abbreviations.

There is a dynamic here that we should note.  Jesus knows that it will be the Roman power that will execute him shortly.  Yet, he still tells the people that they should pay taxes to Rome.  Jesus gives an answer that is not slanted to one side or the other.  Taxes are not their problem, but sin.  Jesus is not a poor persecuted victim in Israel trying to fight back against a beast of a system.  Rather, this is the Son of God who has come to save both Jews and Romans from the judgment of God that hung over them both.  Yes, you may or may not be a victim, but be careful that you are not trapped by your own venom.  Your anger at the sin of another can cause you to be blind to your own sin and the fate that awaits you both at the judgment seat of Christ.

Jesus neutralizes the question by giving a principle that is put in command form, rather than answering with yes, or no.  It is funny to see interviewers, who are supposed to be journalists getting to the truth, purposefully ask a question in yes-or-no form and then shut down the person answering when they try to give more context.  Such situations clearly demonstrate that the interviewer is trying to trap the person and achieve a sound bite that they can use against them. 

The word “render” in the NKJV or “give in other translations is a compound word that means you are giving something that you owe or are obligated to give.  His answer did not put God and Caesar in opposition to each other, even though Caesars were worshipped as gods and did not see Israel’s God as anything special.  Jesus basically shows them that the obligations that they have to Caesar should be fulfilled, and the obligations that they have to God they should also fulfill.  He is telling them to pay the tax, and yet, also making it clear that they are still to obey God.  God had never told Israel, “Thou shalt not pay taxes to a foreign government that conquers you.”  In fact, He had warned them through Moses that their disobedience to His commands would lead to their subjection to foreign powers.  They were undergoing discipline because of their disobedience.

All nations and people should keep in mind that God could allow them to be subjected by others as a discipline.  And, when that happens, it is our job to seek Him in order to learn our lessons.  Not all problems come from foreign nations.  I would say that much of the social and political problems that we are experiencing in the United States of America are the results of our own sin, and are a discipline from God.

Of course, the Pharisees and Herodians realize that Jesus has marvelously bested them, so they leave.

There are several things that we should note based upon this command of Jesus.  First, the duties that we have in life, at any level, are not based upon the righteous status of the other person.  Too often, we use the failures of the other person to justify why we do not fulfill our obligations to them.  This is wrong.  If a business is greedy and overcharges, it does not make it right for me to try and cheat them or steal from them.  I have an obligation before God to act righteously even among the unrighteous.

Second, had Israel given God His due, Rome would not have been ruling over them.  Like Adam and Eve after the curse, they couldn’t go back.  The effects of our sins cannot be made to vanish.  We must carry our burden or discipline forward and learn the lesson.  It teaches us humility and the importance of doing the right thing in a tough situation.  No matter how much our culture tries to avoid the consequences of sinful choices, the effects of those choices will always come around to bite us in the end.  We can either double down on fighting the truth of God and the judgments that He gives, or we can accept them and learn from Him by faith.

Third, Christianity is not a call to sedition, but to serving Christ.  It is not, “Rebels for Jesus unite!”  Rather, it is “Pick up your cross and follow me!”  Living for Jesus is radically different than this world can imagine.  On one hand, we are not living for the materialistic things and pleasures of this world.  Yet, on the other hand, we are not creating anarchy so that we can tear the system down.  Both sides see the true Christian as an odd-ball that is not in step with the program.

We must beware the sirens of our culture that sing to us a beautiful and bewitching song.  They are only pied pipers that lead us to destruction.  Only Christ leads us to truly please the Father, and only Christ leads us to true freedom.

Lastly, Caesar’s power, or (insert your government here), is limited by God’s commands.  It is not unlimited.  Government is not God, and only foolish people try to give it god-like powers.  It has a legitimate function in this world because we are sinful people.  Yet, it is sinful too because it is run by sinful people.  Even if we try to circumvent this by creating Artificial Intelligence, the AI will be coded by sinful people.  Sure, it may reach the point where it evolves beyond our ability to affect its code.  Yet, then we would be worshipping a false god, and surrendering our life to it, instead of the One True God.

Whose image is on our money is one question, but it also begs the greater question.  Whose image is stamped upon you?  Do I bear the image of Jesus or do I bear the image of the Devil?  In Jesus, the image of God can be restored in our life, which brings us into relationship with the author of life!

Trapping Jesus Audio

A Trial of Tricks and Traps

Luke 20:20-26.  This sermon was preached on August 30, 2015 by Pastor Marty Bonner.

In the last week leading up to the crucifixion of Jesus, he was at the temple each day teaching the people.  Unable to challenge his authority successfully, the religious leaders resort to different tricks and traps in order to try and stop Jesus.  Their rebuff by Jesus only led to a more determined desire to get rid of Jesus.  Today we will be looking a a specific type of trap and that is a political one.

It is important as believers in a difficult situation to observe how our Lord deals with this trap and learn from him.

The Schemes of the Wicked

In verses 20-21 we are told that they were watching Jesus as he was teaching, both obviously and in a hidden way through spies.  They were looking for anything to use against Jesus.  As brothers it is good for us to look out and watch out for one another.  However, these were looking for anything they could use either to neutralize Jesus or to apprehend him.    It also says that they were hoping to find something that would legitimize handing him over to the Roman authorities.  This attempt to trap people in order to take them out is not a path of righteous people.  It is a hallmark of the wicked.

Thus they operated in pretense.  They only pretended to be righteous and concerned about righteous matters.  But in reality they are wicked.  They use pious questions and religious cover to keep their wickedness from being recognized by people.  Of course this didn’t trick Jesus.  But we need to recognize how the wicked operate.  Not everyone who speaks piously has pure motives.  We need to have the wisdom of Christ and not take everything at face value.

Notice how they set up their question in verse 21.  They approach Jesus with flattery.  Now everything they say is technically true of Jesus.  But their motivation of flattery is intended to mask their true motivation.  We must be careful of those who talk us up and give us high praise.  It is not wrong to praise people where it is due.  However, if you are receiving praise you need to be careful to keep pride in check.  Also, on the other side, if you are giving praise, you need to be careful that you are not trying to make yourself look better in the eyes of the person you praise.  Keep it short and sweet and move on.  Do not use praise to try to obtain power or influence on others.

Is It Lawful to Pay Taxes to Caesar

In verse 22 we are given the question, which is a political trap.  “Is it lawful for us to pay taxes to Caesar or not?”  I believe the response of Jesus, “Why do you test me,” is intended to let them know that he sees through their ruse.  Yet, it is an important question.  Whether we are questioning others or being questioned, the motivation of the questioner is key.  Often a questioner has no desire to actually learn anything.  They ask the question as part of a greater agenda.  This is not a marker of a righteous person.  Thus Jesus prefaces his answer with a challenge to these men to think about why they are testing him.

This question has some history in Israel.  Since Judea had been taken over by the Roman governors, taxes had to be paid.  Several tax revolts had surfaced over the years with the understanding that to pay taxes to this wicked country was compromise.  They usually taught that God would help them if they “quit compromising” and fought the Romans.  Each of these uprising were crushed quickly by the Romans.  So the question is a legitimate one for that day and age.  However, it was also a very dangerous question to answer. 

If Jesus says it is not lawful, then the Romans will see him as a threat and at least imprison him.  If Jesus says it is lawful, then it will undermine his popularity with the people.  They believe he is the messiah.  He has essentially refused to publicly renounce this.  Thus it would be strange to the people to have the Messiah teaching that they should be paying taxes to Rome.  Surely the Messiah has come to deliver us from Rome.

Jesus tells them to bring him a coin called a denarius.  By this time much of the trade and commerce of Israel and the surrounding area was done in Roman currency.  Thus Jesus points out the reality that they are using Roman currency.  If you are using Roman currency then you have an obligation to the Roman government.  Rome had conquered Israel.  Now Israel had the authority to fight to the death to the end and never surrender.  But in the end they did surrender to Israel.  Such a surrender is a recognition that God had allowed the other country to conquer you.  Thus Jesus tells them to give to Caesar the things that belong to Caesar and to God the things that belong to God.

This reminds me of the prophet Jeremiah.  He had warned the king of Israel that God had given Israel into the hands of Nebuchadnezzar.  Thus he counseled them to submit to Nebuchadnezzar, rather than fighting.  This was rejected by the leaders and things went worse for them.  Jesus here reminds them that it is lawful because God who gave the law had also given Rome authority over Israel.  They needed to submit to this and look to His timing for deliverance.

Yet, the master stroke of Jesus is to also remind them that they still have obligations to God as well.  “Give to God the things that are God’s.”  So what belongs to Caesar and what belongs to God?  Caesar has much things under his authority, including Israel.  However, even Caesar belongs to God.  Tyrants and statists have often made demands on Christians throughout history.  Submit to us!  And, often Christians have submitted in many ways.  However, they have also stood up to them in other ways.  So what do we do?  Rebel against tyrants or submit to them?  The answer is determining when the tyrant or All-Powerful-State demands from us something that belongs only to God.  Yes we could abuse that by declaring that everything belongs to God and thus we should give nothing to such governments.  However, the Bible says that no power can rise up but what God allows it.  Israel can claim that all their money belonged to God, but that is a pious ruse that seeks to avoid the harsh reality that they were under judgment of God.  When we humbly admit and submit to our disciplines from God, then we will learn to wait upon Him for our day of deliverance.

We see this with the apostles.  When the Jewish authorities commanded them to stop teaching about Jesus, they answered that they had to obey God.  God had directed them to spread the gospel of Jesus Christ.  Thus they would not comply with such an unlawful order.  Yet, these same apostles submitted to the repercussions of such a choice.  In other words, they rebelled against the unlawful order without becoming rebels themselves.  If we are rebels then we are rebels against the demands of the flesh.

So what about a democracy?  Christians should exercise the rights that they have to their fullest extent without becoming belligerent to the results.  If such a society deems it “good” to persecute Christians for obeying God, then we accept that.  Sure, there is a time to flee such persecution.  There is also a time to stand and be a prophetic witness to that persecution, even a martyr.  Yet, each must be led by the Truth of God and the Spirit of Christ, not our rebellious flesh.

Today there are groups that seek to trap Christians with the politics of the day.  Christians need to be careful that they know exactly who they are serving.  May God give us wisdom in these days to see through the political traps that seek to make us fear.  We are His.  We can fulfill our obligation to the USA as long as it doesn’t conflict with God’s commands to us.  Take this to heart because it will be critical in the days ahead.

Tricks and Traps audio