Mark 12:13-17. This sermon was preached by Pastor Marty Bonner on August 09, 2020.
Today, we are going to wrestle with the issue of paying taxes. Of course, nobody enjoys paying taxes. This was one of the central issues in the founding of the United States of America. It was considered unfair to have taxation without true representation.
The issue in our passage today is not really about paying taxes per se, but rather, about the legality of paying taxes to a foreign country that has taken over your country. Thankfully, we have never been in that situation and we have not had to wrestle with the emotions and decisions that go along with it. However, many people throughout history have had to wrestle with this issue.
In those cases, people quickly fall into several categories. You have the pragmatic compromisers who quickly recognize that they can’t change it, so they might as well make the best of the new situation. Sometimes such are called collaborators. On the other extreme, there is the idealistic rebel who shouts out death to tyrants and would rather die than yield in anything, much less taxes. The majority of people fall somewhere in between the vice. They don’t like it, but cannot see a way out. They will do the very least that they must do in order not to be drug off to jail or execution.
This is the situation of the people of Israel in the days of Jesus, and in fact, it had been for some time. Whether the Babylonians, Persians, Greeks, or Romans, Israel had been in a similar situation for the better part of 500 years. When would the Messiah show up to set them free from this horrible and humiliating situation?
Let’s look at our passage.
The question put to Jesus in this section was a controversial issue among the people of Israel. It was even more so for the people of Samaria and Judea (Jerusalem) because their taxes were going directly into the Roman treasury. Whereas, Galilee paid taxes to Herod Antipas, who was from Israel, and those taxes by and large were used in the area.
Mark makes a note of the ones who deliver this question to Jesus. We are told that “they sent to him some of the Pharisees and Herodians.” The “they” here are clearly the elders and chief priests of Jerusalem. The group they send is a mixed group that does not get along typically. Herodians were a political group who supported the legitimacy of the Herodian dynasty. Whereas, the Pharisees were loyal to the Law of Moses and saw Herod and his offspring as illegitimate rulers (they were not from the line of David). This signals the reality that they are trying to trap Jesus with his answer. If he says “no” then the Herodians would stir up the Roman Governor Pilate against Jesus. If he says “yes” then the Pharisees could use it to stir up the common people against Jesus. It seems to be a no-win situation.
We should note the fair sounding compliments that they give to Jesus. They say that he is true, does not regard any person, and teaches the way of God in truth. These are all very good things that any teacher or leader should aspire to be. However, they do not believe this to be true of Jesus. Rather, they know that it is the expected description of a true teacher. This is bald-faced flattery and is part of the trap that they are setting. Will Jesus look like he is worried about what the people of Israel will say, or is he worried about what the Romans will say? It is important to note that we can pay someone a compliment without it being flattery. It is only flattery if you do not really believe it, or are using it to lull the person into a false sense of security so that they don’t see the knife in your other hand.
This question of paying taxes to Caesar is first a question of legality. For Israel, this is talking about the Law of Moses. Are we breaking the Law of Moses when we pay Caesar taxes? In our terminology, we would ask, “Is this constitutional?” Am I breaking God’s laws by paying this tax and only making Him more upset with me, and by extension the whole nation? Thus, this is an important question for the average Israelite.
It is secondly a question of practicality. We are not in the optimal conditions that God has envisioned for us. So, how does he expect us to proceed under the current conditions?
We are told that Jesus knows they are asking this question hypocritically. In Matthew 22:18 (a parallel passage), it refers to their “wickedness,” and in Luke 20:23, it refers to their “craftiness.” These three descriptors give us quite a picture of these conflicts that Jesus faced: hypocrites and crafty in wickedness. They are not actually seeking the true answer to the question, but rather, ammunition to use against him. Of course, Jesus let’s them know that he is on to their game by asking them why they are testing him. They are seeking to make him look wrong in the eyes of Rome, or in the eyes of the people.
At this point, Jesus asks them to bring a denarius to him, which was a silver Roman coin that represented a day’s wage for a common laborer. It also happened to be the coin that one would use to pay the annual poll tax, or head tax. When the coin is brought, Jesus asks whose image is on it and what is its inscription. The common day to day commerce of Israel was dominated by the Romans. It was Roman currency that was used and it had Caesar’s image on it. The inscription on the denarius is known from existing coins. “Tiberius Caesar, the divine son of Augustus, Pontifex Maximus.” Of course, it is in Latin and employs abbreviations.
There is a dynamic here that we should note. Jesus knows that it will be the Roman power that will execute him shortly. Yet, he still tells the people that they should pay taxes to Rome. Jesus gives an answer that is not slanted to one side or the other. Taxes are not their problem, but sin. Jesus is not a poor persecuted victim in Israel trying to fight back against a beast of a system. Rather, this is the Son of God who has come to save both Jews and Romans from the judgment of God that hung over them both. Yes, you may or may not be a victim, but be careful that you are not trapped by your own venom. Your anger at the sin of another can cause you to be blind to your own sin and the fate that awaits you both at the judgment seat of Christ.
Jesus neutralizes the question by giving a principle that is put in command form, rather than answering with yes, or no. It is funny to see interviewers, who are supposed to be journalists getting to the truth, purposefully ask a question in yes-or-no form and then shut down the person answering when they try to give more context. Such situations clearly demonstrate that the interviewer is trying to trap the person and achieve a sound bite that they can use against them.
The word “render” in the NKJV or “give in other translations is a compound word that means you are giving something that you owe or are obligated to give. His answer did not put God and Caesar in opposition to each other, even though Caesars were worshipped as gods and did not see Israel’s God as anything special. Jesus basically shows them that the obligations that they have to Caesar should be fulfilled, and the obligations that they have to God they should also fulfill. He is telling them to pay the tax, and yet, also making it clear that they are still to obey God. God had never told Israel, “Thou shalt not pay taxes to a foreign government that conquers you.” In fact, He had warned them through Moses that their disobedience to His commands would lead to their subjection to foreign powers. They were undergoing discipline because of their disobedience.
All nations and people should keep in mind that God could allow them to be subjected by others as a discipline. And, when that happens, it is our job to seek Him in order to learn our lessons. Not all problems come from foreign nations. I would say that much of the social and political problems that we are experiencing in the United States of America are the results of our own sin, and are a discipline from God.
Of course, the Pharisees and Herodians realize that Jesus has marvelously bested them, so they leave.
There are several things that we should note based upon this command of Jesus. First, the duties that we have in life, at any level, are not based upon the righteous status of the other person. Too often, we use the failures of the other person to justify why we do not fulfill our obligations to them. This is wrong. If a business is greedy and overcharges, it does not make it right for me to try and cheat them or steal from them. I have an obligation before God to act righteously even among the unrighteous.
Second, had Israel given God His due, Rome would not have been ruling over them. Like Adam and Eve after the curse, they couldn’t go back. The effects of our sins cannot be made to vanish. We must carry our burden or discipline forward and learn the lesson. It teaches us humility and the importance of doing the right thing in a tough situation. No matter how much our culture tries to avoid the consequences of sinful choices, the effects of those choices will always come around to bite us in the end. We can either double down on fighting the truth of God and the judgments that He gives, or we can accept them and learn from Him by faith.
Third, Christianity is not a call to sedition, but to serving Christ. It is not, “Rebels for Jesus unite!” Rather, it is “Pick up your cross and follow me!” Living for Jesus is radically different than this world can imagine. On one hand, we are not living for the materialistic things and pleasures of this world. Yet, on the other hand, we are not creating anarchy so that we can tear the system down. Both sides see the true Christian as an odd-ball that is not in step with the program.
We must beware the sirens of our culture that sing to us a beautiful and bewitching song. They are only pied pipers that lead us to destruction. Only Christ leads us to truly please the Father, and only Christ leads us to true freedom.
Lastly, Caesar’s power, or (insert your government here), is limited by God’s commands. It is not unlimited. Government is not God, and only foolish people try to give it god-like powers. It has a legitimate function in this world because we are sinful people. Yet, it is sinful too because it is run by sinful people. Even if we try to circumvent this by creating Artificial Intelligence, the AI will be coded by sinful people. Sure, it may reach the point where it evolves beyond our ability to affect its code. Yet, then we would be worshipping a false god, and surrendering our life to it, instead of the One True God.
Whose image is on our money is one question, but it also begs the greater question. Whose image is stamped upon you? Do I bear the image of Jesus or do I bear the image of the Devil? In Jesus, the image of God can be restored in our life, which brings us into relationship with the author of life!